The development of standard values for the who drug use prescribing indicators. Sep 1, 2021 · Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) provides standard drug use indicators used globally for drug utilization studies. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter or mean was 1. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating Jul 27, 2021 · Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. This investigation aimed to address this gap by examining drug prescribing patterns at the Indira Gandhi Pediatric Health Institute (IPHI) in . 8 medications Dec 8, 2016 · Background Proper utilization of medicines is a critical component of pharmaceutical care plan. 0–26. edu. Biola Mabadeje and Budiono Santoso and Hans V. The development of reference values for the WHO health facility core prescribing indicators AO Isah, R Laing, J Quick, AFB Mabadeje, B Santoso, H Hogerzeil, West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research 18, 6-11 , 2001 Oct 9, 2019 · On the other hand, polypharmacy, injectable prescribing, use of brand name, and prescribing drugs in the Essential Drugs List were not found to be a significant problem in this study, though there was a slight deviation in comparison to the standard values recommended by WHO. Eval Anal Drug-Use Hosp China. 1:1–87 policies on drug prescribing practices in the affected institutions. Pharmacology reference works and formularies are drug-centred, and although clinical textbooks and reatment guidelines aret Mar 19, 2021 · All of the prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization were not consistent with the standard values recommended by the World Health Organization and public health facilities should take appropriate measures for improving the prescription patterns as per the recommendation set by the World Health Organization. The value was less than those obtained in the studies conducted by Atif et al. Jan 1, 2014 · The development of standard values for the WHO drug admission day prescription was analyzed using the WHO core drug prescribing indicators. 1% (optimal range = 13. ”[] The consequences of irrational drug use include polypharmacy, increased use of branded drugs, increased drug costs per Apr 1, 2018 · The optimal value set by WHO is less than 2. The average number of medicines prescribed per encounter is important to assess if poly-pharmacy is an issue. Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. Isah and Richard Laing and Jonathan D Quick and Abdul F. The components of core indicators are: prescribing indicator, patient indicator, and facility indicator. Common types of irrational medicine use are: • the use of too many medicines per patient (poly- pharmacy); • inappropriate use of antimicrobials, often in inad- equate dosage, for non-bacterial infections; •over-use of injections when oral formulations would be more appropriate; •failure to prescribe in accordance with clinical guidelines; •inap Jun 25, 2021 · Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. 8%), the encounters with an injection prescribed were 27. Following data were analyzed. May 9, 2021 · Medically inappropriate and economically inefficient use of medicines is observed throughout the world. 9 drugs) fulfilled the criteria. prescribing (IRDP), which has a Table 1: PPs evaluated based on the WHO prescribing indicators at B1HC, in Batu, Central Ethiopia (n=700). Nov 6, 2019 · of Rational Use of Drugs prescribing indicators were utilized to measure rational use of drugs with due focus on . 3% 12 Levofloxacin 20 3. BMC Health Serv Res. com It will promote the development of standards for prescribing, formulating drug policies and improves rational usage of drugs. V18I1. 16 3 I 40 2018 281 8 Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid 28 4. 92%: Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed: 100% WHO: How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. This indicator measures the number of drugs accounting for 90% of the use in DDDs. 8 Percentage of prescriptions with generic name 87. We measured some features of health care facilities that im-pact on rational drug prescribing and some aspects of patient care that reflect Mar 19, 2021 · Background Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. This study aimed to assess drug use pattern using the WHO drug use indicators in selected general hospitals in Tigray region, Ethiopia. 1% of the prescribed drugs were in generic form, also lower than the recommended 100%. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on pre-scribing, patients-care and health care facilities [12]. One of the effects of prescription errors is irrational prescribing. rational prescribing. 8) (optimal range = 1. [] (2. 5 The WHO/INRUD Oct 15, 2020 · To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. pk Latin American May 20, 2021 · To prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance and its effects on human health, WHO recommends routine monitoring of antibiotic use. 6% 11 Cefuroxime 21 3. 74, 2. 5 1. Jan 1, 2001 · While the derived standard values for the WHO prescribing indicators as developed from a study in Nigeria, for the average number of drugs per encounter or patient is estimated at an average of 1. Mar 19, 2021 · The average number of drugs per prescription was 2. Books may not be much help either. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), greater than 50% of medicines are prescribed and dispensed irrationally. 1% 13 Amoxicillin 15 2. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993. 6–1. The prescribing indicators just like all the core drug use indicators are standardized and do not require country, regional or health facility adaptation making for easy comparison. 4–24. This study was carried out to evaluate the prescription rationality and drug prescribing Indicators of drug use Value WHO optimal values Average number of medicines per encounter 2. 8), percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed (standard value 20. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic or injection was prescribed was 58. WHO standard Dec 8, 2016 · Results. agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have applied themselves to evolve standard drug use indicators [5]. Conclusion This novel approach has provided a set of indicators to describe the use of oral dosage forms of medicines given to children, which can be used by researchers as a supplement to the World Health Organization’s drug use indicators when investigating rational use of medicines in children. 4 (SD = 0. 8%), the percentage of encounters where an injection was the route May 7, 2013 · Result. Methods This was a descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study. Furthermore, 67% of the prescribed drugs were listed on Afghanistan's national essential drugs list (EDL), falling below the standard value of 100%. Analysis of basic indicators and rational drug use: review of 6000 outpatient prescriptions. Evaluation of basic indicators in outpatient prescriptions and analysis of rationality in drug use. 5%: Percentage of antimicrobial prescribed by generic name: 11. Products are ranked in order of DDDs and the number of drugs accounting for 90% of use is the DU90%. This systematic review examines and reports the drug utilization profiles captured by individual drug utilization studies conducted in India's different states using World Health Organization prescribing indicators. Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. 8), the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name (optimal value 100%), the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed (optimal value 20. 1993, Geneva: WHO/DAP/93. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Nov 30, 2010 · How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. 2009;9(4):280-1. The purpose of this research was to evaluate drug prescription patterns and the extent of rational prescribing in Tirana, Albania. 0%), and percentage of Oct 30, 2018 · Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using the World Health Organization drug use indicators is important. 9 (SD 0. 1% (n = 749) and 38. 5, which is slightly higher when compared to the WHO standard value (WHO value = 2) []. 3% prescribing behaviour of their clinical teachers, or existing standard treatment guidelines, without explanation as to why certain treatments are chosen. The development of standard values for the WHO drug . This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Only 35. 6‑1. 51, and 1. DOI: 10. Jan 31, 2022 · Introduction. Nov 8, 2016 · The prescribing indicators include; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (optimal value 1. Jan 29, 2021 · The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1, where values closer to 1 indicated rational use. The study conducted by Sharma and Shweta [8] (1. 14718 Corpus ID: 71376956; The Development of Reference Values for the WHO Health Facility Core Prescribing Indicators @article{Isah2001TheDO, title={The Development of Reference Values for the WHO Health Facility Core Prescribing Indicators}, author={A. 4314/WAJPDR. 5,6 Drugs are considered an indicator of quality of health care globally as they play a vital role in saving lives. 1. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. 2 Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority healthcare needs of the 936 KEY WORDS: outdoor patient department, prescribing indicators, WHO core drug use indicators, * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: abdulmajeed@bzu. WHO/DAP/93. Daohai C, Hua L, Taotao L. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility indicators Jun 25, 2021 · Background. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated for the different disciplines by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. May 7, 2013 · Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. 2012;12(4):373-5. Dec 15, 2018 · Moreover, the index of rational drug prescribing, index of rational patient-care drug use, and index of rational facility-specific drug use were 3. For the Aug 28, 2019 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (prescribing indicators) Data; Average number of drugs per encounter Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name: 4. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription The Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%) indicator has been proposed as a means of focusing on the most commonly used drugs (1). 5% 100% Nov 27, 2020 · One method to promote rational drug use is the assessment of drug prescribing patterns based on drug use indicators. Methods A descriptive May 7, 2013 · Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. 1% (n = 491), respectively. 77. 8 drugs per prescription), and similar to the one in the study reported by Mamo and Alemu[] (2. 4 In 1993, the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) formulated a list of selected indictors to investigate drug use in health facilities. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility indicators Aug 11, 2020 · Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. The aim of this study was to assess drug use pattern at ten primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) of the Bahawalpur district of the Punjab province of Pakistan by employing the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. Jun 25, 2021 · The present study assessed the specific aspects of drug use pattern in a reproducible manner by employing the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. 1993. Oct 27, 2021 · Assessment of drug use pattern is used to identify gaps in medicine utilisation to implement strategies for promoting rational drug use. 8 per prescription) and Mashalla et al. 2013;13:170. Apr 27, 2020 · Ensuring rational drug use requires that there is ongoing evaluation of drug prescribing, dispensing, and use by patients. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, using some of the World Health Organization core drug Nov 8, 2016 · The prescribing indicators include; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (optimal value 1. According to the WHO prescribing indicators, Figure 1 shows the number of injectable drugs prescribed per encounter at B1HC, in which out of the 700 PPs evaluated, about 618 PPs were with no injectable drug. biomedcentral. For the present study, we took the prescribing Oct 20, 2023 · Background Healthcare systems in both developing and developed countries were not free from prescription errors. 8) [5, 26]. In this study, the average number of drugs per encounter was 2. 1 Anteneh Assefa Desalegn: Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a crosssectional study: BMC Health Services Research 2013; 13:170 Oct 27, 2021 · It is critical to assess drug use patterns in developing countries using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators in order to promote rational drug use. Aug 22, 2016 · Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. However, evaluation of drug use is not an easy task, as the use of drugs is influenced by many factors that are often difficult to measure and quantify (Bachhav and Kshirsagar, 2015). 9% (optimal range = 20. Nov 2, 2023 · The global issue of irrational drug use, particularly concerning pediatric patients, is a significant concern. 6% (optimal value = 100%), the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 48. 01, respectively. Desalegn AA. This objective will be achieved by measuring prescribing indicators such as average number of drugs prescribed, percentage of generic drugs, antibiotics, injections, and drugs prescribed from essential drug list (EDL). 41: Percentage of total drugs prescribed by generic name: 41. O. The average number of drugs ordered per prescription in our study area is 1. 8%), the percentage of encounters where an injection was the route Jan 1, 2017 · Drug utilization study as defined by the WHO, is a structured process which is used to assess the quality of drug therapy by engaging in the evaluation of data on drug prescribing, dispensing, and International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) criteria to assess the performance of the same PHCCs in terms of patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators. Notably, there has been a lack of studies assessing rational drug prescribing for pediatric patients within Afghanistan's healthcare system. [] in Botsawna (2. Nov 2, 2018 · Evaluating the rational use of drugs prescribed in the obesity outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital by using WHO prescribing indicators demonstrated that the prescribing indicators were appropriate as compared to WHO standard values, but parameters such as the percentage of drugs diagnosed with a generic name and the percentage prescribed from essential drug list was quite far from WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators that were selected for this study are as follows: Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (standard value 1. 1%) and the drugs Feb 19, 2021 · To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), rational use of drugs is described “as a state in which medications are received by patients appropriately according to their clinical needs and individual requirements, for an adequate period at the lowest cost. 8%), percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name (standard value 100. 9% 10 Cefotaxime 23 3. 91) with a range between 1 and 4. Nevertheless, a number of tools have Jan 30, 2017 · Results revealed that two core prescribing indicators were not following the standard values specified by the WHO; the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter (3. 8), the drugs prescribed by the generic name were 71. May 7, 2013 · Result. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, using some of the WHO core drug use indicators. See full list on bmcpharmacoltoxicol. The value was slightly higher than the WHO standard (1. Hence, this study was planned to assess the drug use pattern using the WHO prescribing indicators in our setup which includes parameters such as the number of drugs prescribed per encounter which measures the degree of polypharmacy, the Jan 6, 2021 · Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. 9 drugs) and Desalegn [11] (1. Drugs Reactions (ADRs), development of antimicrobial resistance, waste of resources and economic develop standard drug use indicators (Biswas et al, 2001). Nov 2, 2023 · Notably, 84% of prescriptions included one or more antibiotics, surpassing the WHO standard of <30%. On the other hand, research on drug use patterns in the private Oct 20, 2023 · The WHO core drug use indicators and prescription completeness were used in this study to assess prescription completeness and drug use indicators in private community pharmacies serving Lemi-Kura sub-city in Addis Ababa. Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and World Health Organization. Rational drug prescribing is the use of the minimum number of drugs to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at a reasonable cost. 5 per prescription). 1, 6, 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescribing, health Oct 28, 2021 · The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1, where values closer to 1 indicated rational use. Hogerzeil Key words: drug use; WHO; prescribing indicators; reference values; Nigeria Résumé Notre étude donne les grandes lignes d'une méthode servant à développer des valeurs de références pour les indicateurs de L'Organisation Mondiale pour la Santé (WHO) qui prescrivent les noyaux. 4% 9 Amikacin 25 3. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad Jan 29, 2017 · Hua L, Hongwei W, Danyang W. rlpy lqkwj baomu hexivnr jqce txonotoz fgd xun xum kpyjyt